Did you know? Venezuela’s oil became a geopolitical “payment rail”
In the last decade, Venezuela’s state oil system (PDVSA) has been operating through multiple, distinct channels that moved value outward: oil-backed debt repayment, prepayments linked to future supply, subsidized shipments, swap contracts for diluents and fuels, and sanctions-era routing via gold and new intermediaries. (Reuters)
1️⃣China: